Gaining attention is a way or expression that is spoken so that other people will pay their attention to what we want to.
When we try someone or group op people to pay attention to what we want to do, we may use the expression, likes :
-Attention, please
-May/Can I have your attention, please !
-Excuse me, look here !
-Look me !
-Listen to me, please
-Waiter ?
-I’m sorry, but . . .
-Wow really
-Guess what
Other examples :
-I hope you can attention me !
-Silent, please !
-Be quite !
-Don’t be noisy !
If we want to responding that gaining attention, we can use the expressions likes :
-I’m listening !
-I’m ready to hear now !
-Let’s hear together !
-Oh sure, I’m look at you now !
-Okay, I’m listening to you
PERFECT TENSE
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perpect Tense is used for describing a past action’s effect on the present; He has arrived. Now he is here. This holds true for events that have just been secluded as well as for events that have not yet occured.
Present perpect is formed bay combining have/has with the main verb’s past participle form :
·I have arrived
A negation is produced by inserting not after have/has
·I have not arrived
Questions in present perpect are formulated by starting a setence with have/has.
·Has she arrived ?
Adverbs used :
Since, ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.
How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect ?
The concept of “unspecified time” can be very confusing to English learners. It is best to associate Present Perfect with the following topics :
TOPIC 1 Experience
You can use the Present Perfect to describle your experience. It is like saying, “I have the experience of . . .” You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certain experience. The Present Perpect is NOT used to describe a specific event.
Examples :
·I have been to France
This setence means that you have had the experience of being in France.
Maybe yo have been there once, orseveral times
·I have been to France three times
You can add the number of times at the end of the setence.
·I have never been to France
This setence means that you have not had the experience of going to France.
·Ithink I have seen that movie before
·He has never traveled by train
·Joan has studied two foreign languages
TOPIC 2 Change Over Time
We often use the Present Perpect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time.
Examples :
You have grown since the last time I saw you
The goverment has become more interested in arts education
Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian studies program was established
My English has really improved since I moved to Australia
TOPIC 3 Accomplishments
We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishment of individuals and humanity. You cannot mention a specifik time.
Examples :
Man has walked on the mon
Our son has learned how to read
Doctors have cured many deadly diseases
Scientists have split the atom.
TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting
We often use the Present Perfect to say that an action which we expected has not happened. Using the Present Perpect suggests that we are still waiting for the action to happen.
Examples :
James has not finished his homework yet
Susan hasn’t mastered Japanese, but she can communicate
Bill has still not arrived
The rain hasn’t stopped
TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times
We also use the Present Perfect to talk about several different actions which have occured in the past at differen times. Present Perpect suggests the procces is not complete and more actions are possible
Examples :
The army has attacked that city five times
I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester
We have had many major problems while working on this project,
She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick.
PAST PERFECT TENSE
Past Perfect Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describle an action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed or finished till certain time in the past too; or past perfect tense is used to express an action or an event that had happened before the other even or action happened
The Patern :
(+) Subject + had + Verb III + Complement
( - ) Subject + had not + Verb III + Complement
( ? ) Had + Subject + Verb III + Complement
Examples :
(+) Wehad eaten before they came
( - ) They had not eaten before we came
( ? ) Had they eaten before we came
Adverbs used :
From 1998 to 1999, once, twice, etc.
PAST TENSE
Simple Past :
Past tense simple used to express an activity to the situation that started and end periodically in past time. At the time of telling it in this time, the situation or activity have been done or happened. Or for describing acts that have already been concluded and whose exact time of occurence is known. Futhermore, simple past is used for retelling successive events. That is why it is commonly used in storytelling.
Simple past Tense is a kind of tenses which is used to describle an event or action that happened already in a certain time in the past.
The Formula with nominal sentence
Sign
Formula
Example
+ Positive
S + WAS/WERE + COMP
Lia was in the library this morning
- Negative
S + WAS/WERE + NOT + COMP
Weny was not feel happy last night
? Interrogative
WAS / WHERE + S + COMP + ?
Were they here last month ?
Note :
Was is the past form from To be is, am
Were is the past form from To be are
The Formula with verb setence
Sign
Formula
Example
+ Positive
S + V2 + OBJ/COMP
Dyna went to Dr. Dyka the day before yesterday
- Negative
S + DID + NOT + V1 + OBJ/COMP
Nhya and Debbie did not drove car last sunday
? Interrogative
DID + S + V1 + OBJ/COMP ?
Did Mhey graved stone last march ?
Adverbs used : yesterday, last night, last week, two day ago, afew minutes ago, last weekend, last month, last year, in 1984, etc
Note :
For the positive setence we using V2 but for the negative and interrogative setence we using V1
